JOURNAL OF LIAONING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
(NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION)
LIAONING GONGCHENG JISHU DAXUE XUEBAO (ZIRAN KEXUE BAN)
辽宁工程技术大学学报（自然科学版）
MANAGEMENT OF WHEAT APHID Schizaphis graminum (RONDANI) (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) THROUGH VARIOUS CONTROL STRATIGIES AND THEIR EFFECT ON YIELD
Abdullah, Shah Alam Khan, Waseem Hayat*, Hazrat Ali Khan, Aneela Tahsin, Bilal Khan, Ijaz Ullah, Syed Waqif Hussain, Ijaz Ahmad, Najeeb Ullah Jogezai, Sagheer Ahmad, Yasir Khan, Salman Zafar, Qazi Palwasha Naseem
Abstract
Our research trial was comprised of two experiments. In first experiment, effect of various sowing dates ((S1) 26th Oct, (S2) 6th Nov, (S3) 16th Nov 2021) on the population trend of wheat aphids (Schizaphis graminum R.) on selected varieties of wheat (Khyber-87, Uqab, Attahabib-10, Pirsabak-2019) were studied. In the second experiment the efficacy of various botanicals (Neem oil, Garlic Extract, Aleovera extract) and Imidacloprid was studied against wheat aphids (Schizaphis graminum R.) during 2021 on wheat variety Pirsabak-2019. Averaged over varieties, data regarding 1st sowing date showed that significantly lowest aphid plant-1 (1.39) and reached to its peak in the 9th week (14th February) with 80.21 aphid plant-1. Averaged over weeks, lowest aphids’ plant-1 (7.90) was recorded on Pirsabak-2019, while significantly highest number of aphid’s plant-1 (42.06) was recorded on Khyber-87 variety. The interaction effect of weeks x varieties showed that statistically lowest aphids plant-1 (0) was recorded onPirsabak-2019 and Attahabib-10 in first week (20-Dec), while significantly maximum aphid plant-1 (147.76) was recorded in 9th week (14-Feb) on Khyber-87. Averaged over varieties, data regarding 2nd date of sowing date showed that aphids appeared in 1st week (02-Jan) by having 1.18 aphids plant-1 and peaked (89.57 aphid plant-1) in the10th week (27th Feb) with significant difference. Interaction effect also showed that significantly minimum aphid plant-1 (0) was recorded on Pirsabak-2019 and Attahabib-10 in the first week (02-Jan), while significantly maximum aphid plant-1 (170.83) was recorded in10th week on Khyber-87. Averaged over varieties, data regarding 3rd date of sowing date showed that aphids appeared in 1st week (11th Jan) by having 0.91 aphids plant-1 and peaked (91.06 aphid plant-1) in the9th week (7th March) with significant difference. Interaction effect showed that significantly minimum aphid plant-1 (0) was recorded on Pirsabak-2019 and Attahabib-10 in the first week (11th Jan), while significantly maximum aphid plant-1 (175.33) was recorded in 9th week on Khyber-87. Averaged over dates of sowing, data regarding the yield revealed that significantly maximum yield (3158 kg ha-1) was obtained from Pirsabak-2019 and significantly minimum yield was obtained from Khyber-87 variety, with 2327 kg ha-1. Averaged over varieties, data regarding the yield revealed that significantly maximum yield (2796 Kg ha-1) was obtained from varieties sown on 26th October. Yield obtained from varieties sown on 6th (2695 Kg ha-1) and 16th November (2667 Kg ha-1) was not significantly different from each other. Interaction effect of varieties x date of sowing showed that significantly maximum yield (3256 Kg) was obtained from variety Pirsabak-2019 sown on 26th October and minimum from the variety Kyber-87 (2276 kg) sown on 16th November. Pesticides treated trial showed that, averaged over time intervals, significantly minimum mean population density (2.28 aphid plant-1) was recorded from Imidacloprid treated plot and significantly maximum mean aphid population density (41.91 aphid plant-1) was recorded from Control. Averaged over treatments, showed that significantly maximum mean population density (24.80 aphids plant-1) was recorded 7th day of post treatment, while significantly minimum mean population density of aphid plant-1 was recorded 24 hours of post treatment with 14.18 aphids plant-1. The interaction effect of time intervals x pesticides revealed that significantly lowest population density (1.80 aphid plant-1) was recorded on of efficacy of Imidacloprid treated plot, 24 hrs of the post treatment. And, maximum population density (46.44 aphid plant-1) was recorded 7 days of the post treatment in the control plot. Results regarding the impact botanicals and Imidacloprid on the yield revealed that maximum yield was obtained from the Plot treated with Imidacloprid and minimum from the control. Similarly, the data regarding thousand grain weight revealed that that significantly maximum thousand grain weight was recorded in Imidacloprid treated plot and minimum in control. Overall, Pirsabak-2019 proved comparatively better variety among all the tested varieties against wheat aphids (Schizaphis graminum R.). Chemical (Imidacloprid) was statistically better as compared to botanicals (Neem oil, Garlic Extract, Aleovera extract).
Keywords: Schizaphis graminum, varietal response, botanical control, chemical control