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THE EFFECT OF POSITIVE DEVIANCE ON MALARIA PREVENTION BEHAVIOUR IN JAYAPURA CITY ENDEMIC AREA

Muhammad Akbar Nurdin*, A. Arsunan Arsin*, Syamsiar S. Russeng, Hasanuddin Ishak, Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni, Firdaus Hamid, Stang, Wahiduddin

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ABSTRACT

Introduction: Malaria is an infectious disease that is still a public health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. Malaria can affect everyone, both men and women in all age groups from infants, and children to adults. Jayapura City is the second-highest area in Papua. The Annual Parasite Incidence (API) rate in Jayapura City in 2019 was 92.55‰, in 2020 it was 89.35‰, and in 2021 it was 99.49‰. This study aims to analyze the effect of the positive deviance approach on reducing malaria incidence in residents in endemic areas of Jayapura City.

Methods: This research was conducted by mixed methods in 2 stages, namely stage 1 with quantitative research with rapid survey, and stage 2 with quasi-experimental (intervention). The results of the qualitative research showed that 14 positive deviance in malaria prevention were identified.

Results: The results of quantitative research show that there is a relationship between positive deviance and malaria incidence (p = 0.000), there is a relationship between gender and malaria incidence (p = 0.000), and there is a relationship between occupation and malaria incidence (p = 0.000). Positive Deviance identified, only 7 are associated with malaria incidence, namely cleaning the living environment (p = 0.000), using eucalyptus oil (p = 0.013), using pork oil (p = 0.013), drinking boiled water of sambiloto leaves (p = 0.005), drinking mung bean boiled water (p = 0.031), consuming papaya leaf vegetables (p = 0.005), and wearing long sleeves (p = 0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that the most influential factor in malaria incidence was positive deviance (p=0.000; 95% CI for Exp(B)=14.827; 4.866-45.180).

Conclusion: The positive deviance approach is an innovative locally specific approach to prevent malaria in the pre-elimination stage of malaria and even in the elimination era in Jayapura City.

Keywords: Malaria, Positive Deviance, Pig Oil, Sambiloto, Green Mung Beans, Papaya Leaves