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IMPACT OF VARIOUS HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE ON ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS AND MENSTRUAL CYCLE REGULATION IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Saqib Zaheer, Rizwan Ahmed, Poshmal Zahid, Shingraf Waseem, Sundus Khalid

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Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of various hormonal contraceptives on endometrial thickness and menstrual cycle regulation in premenopausal women. The study utilized a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design to evaluate the impact of hormonal contraceptives on endometrial thickness, menstrual cycle regulation, and hormonal levels in premenopausal women. The study included 150 premenopausal women, examining the effects of hormonal contraceptives on menstrual cycle characteristics, endometrial thickness, serum hormone levels, and endometrial histology. Combined oral contraceptives (C1) reduced cycle duration from 28 ± 3 to 26 ± 2 days, with lighter flow and improved regularity. Progestin-only pills (C2) and injectable contraceptives (C3) showed similar trends. Endometrial thickness decreased significantly in C1, C2, and C3 groups, while serum estrogen and progesterone levels dropped notably, particularly in the C2 and C3 groups. Histological analysis revealed reduced hyperplasia and increased atrophy, especially with injectable contraceptives (C3). The study concluded that hormonal contraceptives, particularly combined oral contraceptives (C1) and injectable contraceptives (C3), effectively reduce menstrual cycle duration, lighten flow, and improve cycle regularity in premenopausal women. These contraceptives also decreased endometrial thickness and serum progesterone and estrogen levels, with the most pronounced changes observed in the C3 group. Based on these findings, it is recommended that healthcare providers consider the benefits of these contraceptives in managing menstrual irregularities and reducing endometrial pathology, with a focus on individual patient needs and hormonal profiles.

Keywords: Histological analysis, management, estrogen, patients