JOURNAL OF LIAONING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

IMMUNOMODULATORY AND ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA AND OCIMUM GRATISSIMUMEXTRACTS ON ISOLATES FROM DIARRHOEIC PATIENTS

Abolarin, Raphael Kayode, Ajibola, Adebayo Thomas, Omodara, Anthony Mayowa

Abstracts

The assessed immunomodulatory and antibacterial effects of Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum extracts on isolates from diarrheic patients. The ethanol and hot water extract of the leaf of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia were tested for antibacterial activity against four diarrhea-causing organisms which are Esherichia coli, Salmonella lyphi, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae. The immunomodulatory activities of the two extracts were carried out. The antibacterial activity was carried out using the agar well diffusion method. The result showed that the ethanol extract and hot water extract of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia had more inhibitory effect on Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae at minimum inhibitory concentration of 50mg and 25mg respectively. The two extracts had little or no effect on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The phytochemical constituent of the extracts was determined qualitatively Flavonoid, alkanoid, saponin, tannin, phiobatarmin, steroid, terpenoid and cardiac glycosides were phytochemical components obtained from both plants. , while those present were analyzed quantitatively for the two extracts. The antioxidant properties such as total phenol, flavonoid, 2,2-dipheny- 1 -picrydraxyl, Iron Chelatoin and 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethyibenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) of the extracts were also determined. The two extracts were analyzed for acute toxicity of LD two extracts showed very low degree of toxicity at high dose level of 3200mg/kg of the extracts. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis of the liver, spleen and duodenum of the animal showed no damage to the organs. The immunomodulatory activities of the two extracts were carried out in-vivo by studying the health status of the experimental animal using hematological parameters of the experimental animals. The hematological status of the experimental animal on the two extracts caused significant changes in the total RBC, PCV, HB, total differential WBC when evaluated at 400mg, 800mg and 1600mg respectively. There was reduction in WBC count in the group treated with Momordica charantia extract and there were no significant changes in the RBC count. The Ocimum gratissimum caused significant changes (p<0.0 in the RBC value and significant increase (p<0.05) on the WBC count of the group treated with high dose of the extract, also there was increase in the value of count. While a reduction in the PCV value was observed. The study showed that the extracts have immunomodulatory and antibacterial activities confirming the use of the plants in ethno medicine.

Keyword: Immunomodulatory, Antibacterial, Momordica Charantia, Ocimum Gratissimumextracts, Diarrhoeic Patients