JOURNAL OF LIAONING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF A MEASLES OUTBREAK IN PAKISTAN: PATTERNS, RISK FACTORS, AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

Muhammad Razi Ullah Khan, Syed Muhammad Aun, Nazia Koser, Maria Fareed Siddiqui, Ayesha Nasir Pirzadi, Hina Younis

Abstract

Infectious diseases, caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, or fungi, can spread through the air, physical contact, or inhaling contaminated air. Viral infections like measles have an incubation period during which the virus multiplies within the body before symptoms appear. Measles is highly contagious, primarily spreading through airborne droplets. This descriptive study, conducted between September 2023 and March 2024 in two hospitals and various vaccination centers across different cities of Pakistan examined a severe measles outbreak. It included patients of all age groups, evaluating their vaccination status, associated complications, and treatments. Data was gathered through hospital records, vaccination cards, and patient inquiries. Patients were categorized by age, gender, immunization status, and severity of complications, such as pneumonia and neurological issues. The collected data was analyzed using MS Word, Excel, and SPSS, with results presented in tables, charts, and graphs. The survey-based study revealed a significant measles outbreak during study period, largely due to vaccination failures. Measles outbreaks, particularly in disaster-stricken areas, pose serious risks to unvaccinated children, adults, and pregnant women. Strengthening immunization programs and educating healthcare professionals is crucial to prevent severe complications and reduce fatalities.

Keywords: Infectious disease, Virus, Measles. Vaccination, Outbreak in Pakistan