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CONSUMPTION OF SOYBEAN-BASED DIET AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES

FAROTIMI Omotola, AJAYI Kayode (PhD), DADA Isreal (PhD), OGBONNA Obinna Chimela (PhD)

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Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health challenge, characterised by high morbidity, mortality, and a lack of curative treatments, significantly impairing patients’ quality of life. Malnutrition has been identified as a key factor influencing the clinical outcomes of CKD, prompting recommendations for high-quality plant-based proteins, such as soy products. However, adherence to this dietary advice remains low among patients. This study aimed to explore possible reasons for this poor adherence in order to inform future interventions. A cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted among 70 CKD patients in two tertiary health institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Findings revealed that 64.0% of respondents were aware of the importance of high-quality protein diets, and 61.0% recognised soy as a suitable protein source. While 61.4% could correctly identify soybeans as protein, 68.3% believed CKD patients should avoid soy products, largely due to information received from medical personnel (58.5%). Consequently, around 60.0% avoided soy in their diets. Despite this, 61.4% believed soy could slow CKD progression, yet only 14.6% were willing to replace animal protein with soy. These findings suggest a significant gap between knowledge and practice, largely influenced by misconceptions propagated by health professionals and media sources. To address this, targeted, evidence-based education for both patients and healthcare providers on the nutritional value and safety of soy products is essential to improve dietary practices and health outcomes for CKD patients.

Keywords: Plant-based protein diet, Soybean-based diet, Dietary education, Chronic kidney disease